Factors that have been associated with an increased incidence of head and neck carcinomas include all of the following EXCEPT
A. Alcohol consumption B. Syphilis
C. Exposure to nickel
D. Hepatitis B virus
Ans.
D. Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B virus is not associated
with an increased incidence of head and neck carcinomas. The incidence of
squamous cell cancers of the head and neck is related strongly to the use of
tobacco and to alcohol consumption, and these factors may have a synergistic
effect. Syphilis is associated with an increased incidence of cancer of the
tongue. Nickel exposure increases the risk of cancers of the nasal cavity and
paranasal sinus.
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